The breathtakingly simple model of a deterministic world created by the mathematician John
Horton Conway and his graduate students in 1970.
Using the Game calls Life, Conway conculded that “by the time you have built up enough pieces into something that can reproduce itself
(in a two-dimensional world), it is roughly as much larger than its smallest bits as an organism is
larger than its atoms. You probably can’t do it with anything much less complicated, though this has
not been strictly proved.”
Source:
Philosopher Daniel Dennett’s Book Intuition Pumps